Under the Revised Rules of Civil Procedure (A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC ) a lawyer who signs a pleading, likewise certifies that:

1. The pleading or document is not being presented for any improper purpose.
2. The claims, defenses, and other legal contentions are warranted by existing law or jurisprudence. Arguments for extending, modifying, or reversing existing jurisprudence must be non-frivolous.
3. Factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, will likely have evidentiary support after availing of the modes of discovery.
4. Denials of factual contentions are warranted by evidence or, if specifically so identified, based on belief or lack of information.

The lawyer is also now required to conduct a reasonable inquiry under the circumstances prior to certifying such matters.

The Court may impose sanctions on the lawyer, law firm, or party found to have violated these undertakings. In case of law firms, they are severally liable for violations committed by their partners, associates, or employees. Monetary penalties cannot be shifted or passed on to their clients.